References: 1. Optimization concepts and applications in engineering Ashok D. Belegundu, Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla 2. Practical Optimization Algorithms and Engineering Applications Antoniou, Andreas, Lu, Wu-Sheng 3. Introduction to Optimum Design Jasbir Arora. 4. Engineering Optimization Theory and Practice Singiresu S. Rao 5. Structural Optimization William R. Spillers Keith M. MacBain